Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Analyzing the transient response dynamics of long-term depression in the mouse auditory cortex in vitro through multielectrode-array-based spatiotemporal recordings

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1448365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drug (agonist/antagonists) conditions applied on electrophysiological recordings.

Article Snippet: After stable baseline recording had been acquired for longer than 10 min by test stimulation before TS, we administered, at the end of each experiment, one of the following drugs: (i) α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptor antagonist DNQX (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, United Kingdom) at concentrations of 10 μM, (ii) NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 50 μM, (iii) metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP hydrochloride, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 10 μM, (iv) GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 5 μM, (v) GABA A receptor agonist muscimol (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, CAN) at concentration of 5 μM, and (vi) GABA B receptor antagonist CGP 54626 hydrochloride (Tocris Bioscience) at 5 μM.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Analyzing the transient response dynamics of long-term depression in the mouse auditory cortex in vitro through multielectrode-array-based spatiotemporal recordings

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1448365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Current-driven responses in layer 4 of a brain slice under the glutamatergic receptor antagonist/agonist condition. (A) Under 10-μM D-AP5 application, LFP responses were recorded in layer 4 before and after TS. Three LFP responses are illustrated (i) before (black trace), (ii) 20 min (red trace), and (iii) 60 min after TS (blue trace) applied to layer 4 in (a) . The test stimuli were repetitively applied to layer 4. Time course of negative-going peak magnitude is illustrated during the whole recording period (70 min) in (b) . (B) Similarly, under 50-μM DNQX application, LFP responses were recorded in layer 4 before and after TS. Three LFP responses are illustrated (i) before (black trace), (ii) 20 min (red trace), and (iii) 60 min after TS (blue trace) applied to layer 4 in (a) . Time course of negative-going peak amplitudes is illustrated during the whole recording period (70 min) in (b) . (C) Under 50-μM MPEP application, LFP responses were recorded in layer 4 before and after TS. Three LFP responses are illustrated (i) before (black trace), (ii) 20 min (red trace), and (iii) 60 min after TS (blue trace) applied to layer 4 in (a) . The test stimuli were repetitively applied to layer 4. Time course of negative-going peak amplitudes is illustrated during the whole recording period (70 min) in (b) . TS was applied at time 0 min in the plot (indicated by a dashed line and an arrow). The timings of a test stimulus are indicated by the inverted triangles in (a) .

Article Snippet: After stable baseline recording had been acquired for longer than 10 min by test stimulation before TS, we administered, at the end of each experiment, one of the following drugs: (i) α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptor antagonist DNQX (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, United Kingdom) at concentrations of 10 μM, (ii) NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 50 μM, (iii) metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP hydrochloride, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 10 μM, (iv) GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 5 μM, (v) GABA A receptor agonist muscimol (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, CAN) at concentration of 5 μM, and (vi) GABA B receptor antagonist CGP 54626 hydrochloride (Tocris Bioscience) at 5 μM.

Techniques: Slice Preparation

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Analyzing the transient response dynamics of long-term depression in the mouse auditory cortex in vitro through multielectrode-array-based spatiotemporal recordings

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1448365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spatiotemporal properties of LTD around the tetanic and test stimulation electrodes under the conditions of NMDA receptor, non-NMDA receptor, and metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 antagonists. Ratio indices (RIs) of evoked responses at eight recording sites around the TS site during 60 min posterior to TS under the control and the antagonists (10-μM D-AP5, 50-μM DNQX, and 50-μM MPEP) conditions. (E) schematic representation of the tetanic and test stimulation sites at position (0, 0) and the eight recording sites (−1, 1), (−1, 0), (−1, −1), (0, 1), (0, −1), (1, 1), (1, 0), and (1, −1) in a two-dimensional array representation for (A–D,F–I) , respectively. Each of the inter-electrode distances (IEDs) was 150 μm. In the abscissa of each bar graph, time in minutes represents the time points after TS with a 10-min step. We used an ANOVA for multiple comparisons followed by a post-hoc Steel-Dwass test: control ( n = 7), D-AP5 ( n = 6), DNQX ( n = 7), and MPEP ( n = 6). * and ** represent p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively.

Article Snippet: After stable baseline recording had been acquired for longer than 10 min by test stimulation before TS, we administered, at the end of each experiment, one of the following drugs: (i) α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptor antagonist DNQX (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, United Kingdom) at concentrations of 10 μM, (ii) NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 50 μM, (iii) metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP hydrochloride, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 10 μM, (iv) GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 5 μM, (v) GABA A receptor agonist muscimol (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, CAN) at concentration of 5 μM, and (vi) GABA B receptor antagonist CGP 54626 hydrochloride (Tocris Bioscience) at 5 μM.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Analyzing the transient response dynamics of long-term depression in the mouse auditory cortex in vitro through multielectrode-array-based spatiotemporal recordings

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1448365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Numbers of monostable or bistable potentials in the total eight electrode sites.

Article Snippet: After stable baseline recording had been acquired for longer than 10 min by test stimulation before TS, we administered, at the end of each experiment, one of the following drugs: (i) α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptor antagonist DNQX (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, United Kingdom) at concentrations of 10 μM, (ii) NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 50 μM, (iii) metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP hydrochloride, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 10 μM, (iv) GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 5 μM, (v) GABA A receptor agonist muscimol (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, CAN) at concentration of 5 μM, and (vi) GABA B receptor antagonist CGP 54626 hydrochloride (Tocris Bioscience) at 5 μM.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Analyzing the transient response dynamics of long-term depression in the mouse auditory cortex in vitro through multielectrode-array-based spatiotemporal recordings

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1448365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Trajectories of the synaptic efficacy models with the estimated coefficients under the different drug conditions. (A) Trajectories of the glutamate group. (B) Trajectories of the GABA group. (C) Distribution of data points on the first and second principal component space (PC 1 vs. PC 2 ). The dashed line indicates the boundary between two major groups (i.e., glutamate vs. GABA groups): the glutamatergic group (i.e., D-AP5, MPEP, and DNQX) and GABAergic group (i.e., bicuculline, CGP, and muscimol). (D) The angles of the paired centroid vectors among all groups are illustrated.

Article Snippet: After stable baseline recording had been acquired for longer than 10 min by test stimulation before TS, we administered, at the end of each experiment, one of the following drugs: (i) α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptor antagonist DNQX (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, United Kingdom) at concentrations of 10 μM, (ii) NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 50 μM, (iii) metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP hydrochloride, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 10 μM, (iv) GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 5 μM, (v) GABA A receptor agonist muscimol (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, CAN) at concentration of 5 μM, and (vi) GABA B receptor antagonist CGP 54626 hydrochloride (Tocris Bioscience) at 5 μM.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Analyzing the transient response dynamics of long-term depression in the mouse auditory cortex in vitro through multielectrode-array-based spatiotemporal recordings

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1448365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Potential functions concerning the synaptic efficacy models obtained from recorded RI data sets. (A) D-AP5 vs. control conditions. (B) DNQX. (C) MPEP. (D) CGP. (E) Bicuculline. (F) Muscimol. The potential functions of the control group are also superimposed on each plot. Furthermore, in each plot, eight potential functions were individually obtained from the eight nearest electrode sites around the TS site, suggesting the spatial variability among the recording sites (electrodes).

Article Snippet: After stable baseline recording had been acquired for longer than 10 min by test stimulation before TS, we administered, at the end of each experiment, one of the following drugs: (i) α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptor antagonist DNQX (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, United Kingdom) at concentrations of 10 μM, (ii) NMDA receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 50 μM, (iii) metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP hydrochloride, Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 10 μM, (iv) GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (Tocris Bioscience) at concentrations of 5 μM, (v) GABA A receptor agonist muscimol (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, CAN) at concentration of 5 μM, and (vi) GABA B receptor antagonist CGP 54626 hydrochloride (Tocris Bioscience) at 5 μM.

Techniques: Control